Michael Morse, Rachel Orey, and Joann Bautista have published a Bipartisan Policy Center report on list maintenance, based on Morse’s earlier article. Here’s an excerpt of the executive summary:

Voter registration lists are widely regarded as the backbone of election administration. To keep these lists up to date, election officials are responsible for identifying when voters move, die, or otherwise become ineligible to vote. The bureaucratic process known as “list maintenance” has long been a quiet feature of election administration, but has come under increasing scrutiny in recent years. Some advocacy groups equate the removal of voter registrations with disenfranchisement, labeling it voter purging; others maintain that voter lists are plagued by errors, characterizing them as “dirty,” and argue that registrations aren’t being canceled often enough.

In reality, list maintenance doesn’t need to be a trade-off between access and integrity. Rather, well-crafted, evidence-based policies can advance both goals simultaneously. This report discusses two of the most salient topics in list maintenance policy discussions today:mobility and citizenship.

Mobility and citizenship present fundamentally different types of problems for election officials. Although voters move frequently, audits have found that very few registered voters are not citizens. Nonetheless, identifying when voters move and verifying citizenship present similar types of administrative challenges for election officials, who must coordinate with other officials in their state, between states, and in the federal government to gather the most up-to-date information.

Drawing on Michael Morse’s 2023 law review article, this report first addresses the recurring problem of voter mobility for list maintenance and suggests targeted reforms. It then turns to nascent efforts to verify the citizenship of voters, highlighting emerging challenges and urging caution to avoid premature policymaking.