Charlie Martel argues, contra Bush v. Gore, that the Constitution confers one in this Balls & Strikes essay:
The argument for a constitutional right to vote for president is simple. There are five amendments in the Constitution protecting the right to vote in some form or another: the Fourteenth, Fifteenth, Nineteenth, Twenty Fourth, and Twenty-Sixth. This makes voting the right most often protected by the Constitution, and the only constitutional right that Congress and the states have strengthened with repeated amendments.
Two amendments expressly protect the right to vote for president: The Fourteenth Amendment refers to “the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President,” and the Twenty-Fourth Amendment concerns “the right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President.” …
Each of these amendments extended the right to vote to more Americans. The Fourteenth Amendment, ratified in 1868, was the first constitutional statement that there is a right to vote—including for presidential electors—but limited that right to men 21 and older. Two years after that, the Fifteenth Amendment protected the right to vote for Black male voters—a right later bolstered by the Twenty-Fourth Amendment, which banned racist poll taxes. In 1920, the Nineteenth Amendment expanded the right to vote to women; in 1971, the Twenty-Sixth Amendment lowered the voting age to 18. Together, these amendments have created a universal right to vote that states cannot deny or abridge.