Introductory Chapters

1 Introduction

Nathaniel Persily

2 Causes and Consequences of Polarization

Michael J. Barber and Nolan McCarty

3 Confronting Asymmetric Polarization

Jacob S. Hacker and Paul Pierson

Reforming the Electoral System

4 Polarization and Democratization

Arend Lijphart

5 Eroding the Electoral Foundations of Partisan Polarization

Gary C. Jacobson

6 Solutions to Polarization

Elaine C. Kamarck

7 Geography and Gridlock in the United States

Jonathan Rodden

Strengthening Parties

8 Stronger Parties as a Solution to Polarization

Nathaniel Persily

9 Reducing Polarization by Making Parties Stronger

Nolan McCarty

10 Focus on Political Fragmentation, Not Polarization: Re-Empower Party Leadership

Richard H. Pildes

11 Two Approaches to Lessening the Effects of Partisanship

Bruce Cain

Empowering and Informing Moderate Voters

12 Data Science for the People

Adam Bonica

13 Using Mobilization, Media, and Motivation to Curb Political Polarization

Markus Prior and Natalie Jomini Stroud

Lowering Barriers to Policy Making

14 Beyond Confrontation and Gridlock: Making Democracy Work for the American People

Alan I. Abramowitz

15 American Political Parties: Exceptional No More

David Karol

16 Partisan Polarization and the Senate Syndrome

Steven S. Smith

17 Finding the Center: Empowering the Latent Majority

Russell Muirhead

18 Making Deals in Congress

Sarah A. Binder and Frances E. Lee

19 Helping Congress Negotiate

Jane Mansbridge

20 Staying Private

George C. Edwards III