Joshua Spivak has written California’s Recall: The State’s Adoption and Use of “the Grand Bounce.” The paper traces the recall’s early history in America, and provides a detailed discussion of California’s adoption of the recall in 1911. It also studies the eight different recalls of state officials in California’s history, and suggests why the recall will be increasingly common. The paper is forthcoming in California History. Scholars interested in a draft may write directly to Spivak at [email protected].