The civil rights revolution of the 1960s is much remembered, especially in this 50th-anniversary year of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. But the other transformational political revolution of the 1960s is almost entirely forgotten. Between 1962 and 1964, the U.S. Supreme Court, led by Chief Justice Earl Warren, decreed that the Constitution’s 14th Amendment required states to draw all legislative districts and U.S. House seats on the basis of population equality alone. That mandate, that the U.S. “conception of political equality . . . can mean only one thing — one person, one vote,” as the court stated in 1963, radically altered the composition of state legislatures nationwide.